T  II  U 


of  the  Stttfto, 


for  tui:  i 


THE  AHMY  OF  THE  COXFEDEHATE  STATES, 


WITH  QUESTJO 


Tivrnt '//- Eight    t  Hunt  rations. 


GRIFFIN.  GtKO.: 

BRAWNEIl      &      P  U  T  X  A   M 

SAVANNAH,    GEO.: 

JOHN  M.  COOPER  *  CO, 


Questions  entered  according  to  Act  of  Congress,  by 

BRAWNER  &  PUTNAM, 

In  the  Clerk's  Office  of  the  District   Court  of  the  Northern 

District  of  the  State  of  Georgia. 


Engraving  and  Printing  b}' 

If.  P.  HILL  ft  CO. 

Griffin,  U a. 


PUBLISH 


This  compilation  is  reprinted  with  i 
be  serviceable  to  such  of  our  citizen  soldk 
in  military  science.     It  will  greatly  facilitat. 
acquainting  themselves  with   their  duties  as  guiu.. 
talion  movements;  saving  not  only  the  labor   of  su. 
through,    but   the    expense  of  buying  many   "volumim 
works  wherein  tiie  details  are  combined  with  the  other  parts 
of  military  tactics." 

The  usefulness  of  the  work  is  greatly  enhanced  by  a  series 
of  questions,  prepared  by  a  gentleman  of  high  military  at- 
tainments. This  we  claim  to  be  a  great  addition  to  the  val- 
ue of  the  book.     It  is  to  be  found  in  no  other  edition. 

Should  it  be  the  means  of  lessening  the  labors  of  our 
brave  volunteers,  in  the  glorious  work  of  achieving  our  na- 
tional independence,  the  publishers  will  be  abundantly  repaid 
for  their  risk  and  trouble. 

GniFFix,  Ga.,  Oct.  1st,  1S61. 


SIGNS. 

TENANT   COLONEL, X 

.\1AJ0R, A 

GENERAL  GUIDE, g 

GUIDE, 0 

POINTS  ON  THE   GROUND, q 

MARKERS, ^ 


SCHOOL  OF  THE  GUIDES. 


SCHOOL    OF    THE    BATTALION. 


GENERAL  RULES. 


There  will  be  in  each  battalion  on< 
geant  and  two  general  guides,  right  general  guide 
and  left  general  guide;)  there  will  also  b< 
closing  sergeant  (left  guide  of  the  left  company,; 
and  one  covering  corporal. 

The  color  Bergeant  will  be  in  the  centre  of  the 
battalion. 

The  right  general  guide  will  take  post  behind 
the  right  of  the  first  or  right  company  and  on  the 
alignment  of  file  closers,  and  the  left  one  in  the 
same  manner  on  the  left  of  the  eighth  or  left  com- 
pany. 

The  closing  sergeant  will  be  in  the  front  rank, 
on  the  left  of  the  last  company,  and  the  covering 
corporal  behind  him,  in  the  rear  rank. 

The  color  and  generalguides  serve  for  the  march 
of  the  battalion  and  to  take  general  alignment 


0  SCHOOL   OF   THE    GUIDES. 

TO  OPEN  AND  CLOSE  RANKS. 

1. — Prepare  to  open  ranks. 
2. —  To  the  rear  open  order. 
3. — March. 
4. — Front. 

At  the  second  command,  the  covering  sergeants 
and  covering  corporal  step  to  the  rear,  taking  the 
distance  of  four  paces  opposite  to  their  intervals, 
in  order  to  mark  the  alignment  of  the  rear  rank. 
The  covering  corporal  will  be  careful  to  invert  his 
piece  and  elevate  it  perpendicularly  before  him, 
to  indicate  to  the  major  the  direction  which  he 
has  to  give  to  the  covering  sergeants.  At  the 
third  command,  the  rear  rank  of  the  battalion  will 
step  to  the  rear  and  will  be  aligned  by  the  cover- 
ing sergeants  ;  the  file  closers  two  paces  to  the  rear 
of  the  rear  rank.  The  last  file  closer  who  is  on 
the  left  of  the  battalion,  will  invert  his  piece  in 
the  same  manner  as  the  covering  corporal,  to  in- 
dicate to  the  lieutenant  colonel  the  direction  he 
will  have  to  give  to  the  file  closers.  At  the  fourth 
command,  the  covering  sergeants  will  take  their 
place  in  the  front  rank. 

The  closing  of  ranks  will  be  in  accordance  with 
paragraph  No.  476  of  Scott's  Tactics. 

LOADINGS  AND  TIRING S. 

In  all  firings,  the  covering  sergeants  will  place 
themselves  upon  the  alignment  of  file  closers,  op- 
posite to  their  intervals,  and  will  retake  their  posts 
at  the  tap  of  the  drum. 


scnooL  of  tjie  GUivBS.  ^ 

The  file  closers,  during  the  loadings  and  fil 
will  remain  at  shoulder  or  support   arms,  as  the 
order  may  be  given  to  them. 

In  all  the  firings;  the  color  and  its  guard  fall 
back,  so  that  the  front  rank  shall  be  on  a  line  with 
the  rear  rank  of  the  battalion.  The  guard  will 
always  carry  the  musket  with  bayonet  fixed  and 
in  the  right  arm,   and   will  r<  tire  for  the 

defense  of  the  color .     At  the  tap  of  the  drum, 
will  retake  their  place  in  line 

To  execute  the  fire  by  the  rear  rank,  tin 
•  ■ring  sergeants  and  file  closers  will  conform  t<> 
what  has  been  prescribed  for  them  in  paragraphs 
No.  512  and  513  of  Scott's  Tactics.  The  color 
ant  will  pass  into  the  rear  rank,  and  the 
closing  sergeant  and  covering  corporal  will  change 
places. 

In  squares,  the  color  sergeant  alone  retires  upon 
the  line  of  file  closer-.  The  color  guard  will  fire 
the  same  as  the  company  of  which  it  forma  a  part. 

TO  BREAK  TO  Till;  FRONT  TO  THE  RIGHT  OB  LEFT 
INTO  COLUMN. 

Figure  Xo.  1. 


/vvvvvvv\- 

1. — Jh/  company  right  wheel. 

2. —  Quick — March. 

At  the  first  command,  the  covering  scrg 
replace  their  captains  in  the  front  rank. 


8  SCHOOL   OF   THE   GUIDES. 

At  the  command  march,  the  covering  sergeants 
do  not  move .;  the  lei't  guides  as  soon  as  they  can 
pass,  will  place  themselves  on  the  left  of  the  front 
rank,  to  conduct  the  marching  flank. 

Each  captain  of  company  having  given  the  com- 
mand halt,  the  covering  sergeant  will  place  him- 
self on  the  right  of  the  first  man,  the  left  guide, 
at  the  same  time,  will  place  himself  opposite  his 
captain,  and  will  observe  to  leave  space  enough 
between  himself  and  the  man  on  the  right  to  con- 
tain the  front  of  the  company,  without  occupying 
himself  with  the  direction,  which  will  only  be 
taken  when  the  column  is  put  in  march. 

When  the  battalion  breaks  to  the  left,  the  cov- 
ering sergeant  will  conduct  the  marching  flank, 
and  the  left  guide  will  place  himself  on  the  left 
of  the  company  the  moment  it  halts. 

Same  principles  to  break  by  division. 

TO  BREAK  TO  THE  REAR  BY  THE  RIGHT  OR  LEFT 
INTO   COLUMN. 

Figure  No.  2. 


|rpppppp|> 

r 

1. — By  the  right  of  companies  to  the  rear  into 
column . 

2. — Battalion — RlGHT  FACE. 
3. Q  U  /<:/•— M  ARC  [I . 

At  the  first  command,   the   covering  sergeant 
will  replace  the  captain  in  the  front  rank. 


SCHOOL    OF    THE    GUIDES.  \) 

At  the  second  command,  the  covering  sergeant 
will  break  to  the  rear  at  the  same  time  with  the 
right  files,  and  will  place  himself  before  the  front 
rank  man  of  the  first  file,   in  prder  to  conduct  it. 

At  the  command  march,  each  COV<  r:i. 
will  conduct  his  company  correctly  perpendicular- 
ly to  the  rear,  and   when  each   captain  will  have 
commanded  halt — -/rout,  the  left  guide  will  go  and 
place  the  left  elbow  lightly  against  his  breast. 

When  the  battalion  breaks  by  the  left  of  com- 
panies to  the  rear  into  column,  the  covering 
grants  will   conform  to  what  has  been  prescribed 
for  the  left  guides,  and  the  left  guides  to  what  has 
been  said  for  the  covering  sergeants. 

TO  TLOY  THE  BATTALION  INTO  CI.  f\  OB 

MA 

Figure  Xo.  3. 


1. —  Olose  column  by  com  pan//. 
2. —  On  first  company  right  in  front. 
3. — Battalion — Right  Face. 
4. —  Quick — March. 

Whenever  a  column  shall  be  formed  at  half  dis- 
tance or  closed  in  mass,  the  file  closers  shall  be  at 
the  distance  of  one  pace  from  the  rear  rank. 


10  SCHOOL   OF    THE    GUIDES. 

At  the  second  command,  the  covering  sergeants 
will  replace  their  captains  in  the  front  rank. 

At  the  third  command,  the  right  files  of  each 
company  and  the  covering  sergeant  will  break  to 
the  rear,  as  has  been  before  stated. 

At  the  command,  march,  the  file  closers  will 
incline  towards  the  rear  rank,  so  as  to  close  to  the 
distance  of  one  pace  from  this  rank.  The  left 
guide  of  the  first  company  will  place  himself  upon 
its  left  as  soon  as  the  movement  of  the  second  will 
permit  him.  As  each  company  will  have  entered 
the  column,  and  its  captain  will  have  halted  it, 
the  left  guide  will  place  himself  promptly  on  the 
direction,  at  five  paces  from  the  guide  who  pre- 
cedes him. 

When  the  battalion  is  ployed  in  front  of  the 
first  company,  the  movement  will  be  executed  by 
the  same  principles ;  each  captain  having  halted 
his  company  in  the  column,  the  right  guide  will 
face  to  the  rear,  place  himself  at  five  paces  from 
the  guide  who  precedes  him,  and  will  only  face 
about,  at  the  command  of  the  chief  of  battalion. 

If  the  battalion  be  ployed  in  front  or  in  rear  of 
the  eighth  company,  the  movement  will  be  exe- 
cuted after  the  same  principles,  but  by  inverse 
means. 

If  the  movement  be  made  on  an  interior  com- 
pany, the  guides  of  the  subordinate  companies 
will  face  to  the  side  of  the  direction,  and  will  only 
face  about  at  the  command  of  the  chief  of  bat- 
talion. 


SCUOOL   OF  THE   GUIDES.  11 

MARCH  IN  COM:  MX  AT  FULL  DISTANCE. 

In  the  march  in  column,  there  are  three  ways 
of  giving  the  direction  to  the  leading  guide. 

1. — There  will  be  pointed  on<  to  him,  two  dis- 
tinct and  prominent  objects  in  front  of  him,  on 
the  line  which  he  is  to  follow.  This  guide  will 
immediately  face  to  it,  and  take  for  point  of  di- 
rection, the  object  most  distant,  and  for  in; 
diatc  one,  the  nearest  to  him. 

2. — If  the  locality  should  offer  but  one  distinct 
or  prominent  object  on  the  direction  which  the 
first  guide  is  to  follow,  this  guide  will  face  to  it  a* 
soon  as  it  shall  have  been  pointed  out  to  him,  and 
will  immediately  select  on  the  ground  an  interme- 
diate point. 

3. — "When  no  prominent  or  distinct  object  pre- 
sents itself,  the  lieutenant  colonel,  or  adjutant, 
will  throw  himself  forty  paces  in  front  and  face  to 
the  column.  The  chief  of  battalion  will,  by  a 
with  his  sword,  place  him  on  the  direction  which 
the  first  guide  will  have  to  follow.  The  lieuten- 
ant colonel  being  thus  placed;  the  guide  will  im- 
mediately face  to  him,  take  two  points  on  the 
ground,  conforming  himself  to  what  is  prescribed 
in  paragraph  No.  520,  School  of  the  Company. 

Pending  the  march,  the  firs!  guide  can  always 
assure  himself  that  he  is  in  the  right  direction, 
when  the  point  nearest  to  him  masks  the  most  dis- 
tant. 

In  wheeling  on  the  march,  the  guide  who  is  on 
the  pivot  flank  will  take  the  step  of  nine  inches, 
being  careful  to  describe  a  small  circle  so  as  to 
clear  the  wheeling  point.     He  will  lengthen  or 


12  SCHOOL    OF    THE    GUIDES. 

shorten  the  step,  only  upon  command  of  the  cap- 
tain. 

When  a  column  is  formed  at  half  distance  or  in 
mass,  or  marching  in  route  step,  the  guide  who  is 
on  the  pivot  flank  will  take  the  step  of  fourteen 
inches,  instead  of  the  one  of  nine  inches  ;  he  will 
lengthen  or  shorten  the  step,  only  upon  command 
of  the  captain. 

In  a  column  by  platoon,  there  will  be  but  one 
guide  on  the  flank  of  each.  He  will  be  on  the 
left  flank,  if  the  right  be  in  front,  and  on  the  right, 
if  the  left  be  in  front. 

In  a  column  by  company,  or  by  division,  there 
will  always  be  a  guide  on  each  flank  of  the  col- 
umn ;  they  will  be  denominated  right  and  left 
guides,  and  one  of  them  will  always  be  entrusted 
with  the  direction. 

The  first  duty  of  a  guide  is,  to  well  fix  in  his 
mind  the  extent  of  the  front  of  the  sub-division 
which  he  is  to  conduct;  so  as  to  correctly  keep  the 
distance  of  platoon,  company,  or  division,  accord- 
ing to  the  formations  which  may  take  place  dur- 
ing the  movements. 

He  must  also  well  understand,  that  he  is 
charged  with  conducting  his  company,  and  not  let 
himself  be  conducted  by  it,  as  frequently  happens 
with  inexperienced  guides.  It  cannot  be  too 
si  rongly  impressed  upon  them,  not  to  interfere 
with  their  companies,  but  to  strictly  conform  them- 
selves to  the  movements  of  the  preceding  guide; 
to  follow  in  his  traces;  take  his  step;  maintain 
the  distance  of  company  between  himself  and  this 
guide  ;  pass  through  all  the  points  through  which 
he  will  pass,  without   occupying  himself  with  the 


SCHOOL    OF    THE     GUIDES.  13 

general  direction,    which   only  concerns  the  lead- 
in.;  -aide. 

A  guide  should  never  alter  the  length  or  ca- 
denee  of  his  step.  AeooVding  to  this  principle, 
when,  for  example,  a  company  which  should  have 
halted  at  three  paces  behind  the  line  of  battle  has 
1  (hat  line,  if  the  guide  has  correctly  marched, 
the  fault  lies  with  the  captain,  who  will  not  have 
given  his  commands  of  caution  or  execution  in 
time. 

A  uui<l«'  is  responsible  for  the  distance,  the 
direction  and  the  Btep. 

When  a  guide  loses  his   distance,  he  nm- 
gain  it  gradually,  either  by  lengthening  or  short- 
ening the  step  by  <>ne  or  two  inches,  SO  that  there 
may  he  no  stop  nor  wavering  on  tin-  march. 

If  a  guide  has  neglected  to  march  in  the  t 
of  the  one  who  precedes  him,  lias  sensibly  thrown 
himself  inside  or  outside  of  the  direction,  he  will 
remedy  this  fault   by   advancing  more  or  1* 
right  "v  left  shoulder,  so  a-  gradually  to  r< 
the  direction,  thereby  avoiding  the  inconvenience 
of  the  oblique  step,  which  occasions   loss  of  dis- 
tance. 

"When  a  column  is  halted,  tin-  guides  must  not 
move,  even  if  they  should  not  have  their  dis- 
tances, and  should  not  be  on  the  direction. 

If,  when  in  column  oi"  several  companies,  they 
arc  to  break  successively  into  platoons,  it  is  of 
the  utmost  importance  that  each  guide  should 
continue  to  march  the  same  step,  neither  making 
it  shorter  nor  slower,  whilst  the  company  which 
precedes  him  breaks,  oven  if  lie  be  compelled  to 
dose  entirely  upon  the  latter     Tl 


14  SCHOOL   OF  THE    GUIDES. 

indispensable,  in  order  to  prevent  the  prolonga- 
tion of  the  column. 


THE  COLUMN  ARRIVING  BEFORE  OR  BEHIND  THE 
LINE  OF  BATTLE,  OR  BY  ONE  OF  ITS  EXTREMI- 
TIES, TO  PROLONG  IT  ON  THAT  LINE. 

BEFORE. 
Figure  No.  4. 


BEHIND. 
Figure  No.  5. 


c_^ 


\i  n  i 


■0.fl 


§ 


The  general  guide,  at  the  head  of  the  column, 
will  direct  himself  on  the  two  points  which  will 


SCHOOL   OF   THE    GUIDES.  15 

be  indicated  to  him  on  the  line  of  battle,  without 
regulating  himself  upon  the  march  of  the  column. 

The  color  and  the  general  guide  who  follow, 
will  march  abreast  with  their  respective  compa- 
nies, and  will  maintain  themselves  on  the  line  by 
directing  themselves;  the  first,  on  the  general 
guide  at  the  head  of  the  column,  and  the  latter, 
on  the  color  and  the  general  guide  at  the  head  of 
the  column. 

The  guides  of  companies  always  march  at  four 
paces  from  tlie  general  guides  who  are  on  the 
line  of  battle.  The  first  guide  will  march  abreast 
with  the  right  ucneral  iruidc  ;  the  following  guides 
will  march  in  the  traces  of  the  guide  who  pre- 
cedes, and  will  be  careful  to  preserve  the 
and  cadence  without  occupying  themselves  with 
the  general  direction. 

THE    COLUMN    BEING     HALTED,    TO    MARCH    IT    A 
SHOUT  DISTANCE  TO  THE  REAR. 

The  chief  of  battalion  causes  it  to  face  about ; 
the  file  closers  remain  in  the  front  of  the  rear 
rank,  and  the  guides  will  place  themselves  on  the 
line  of  the  rear  rank. 

In  a  column  by  division,  the  covering  sergeant" 
in  the  centre  of  the  division  will  step  into  the 
line  of  file  closers. 


10  SCHOOL    OF    THE    GUIDES. 

CHANGES  OF  DIRECTION. 

Figure  No.  0. 


<i        < 


5 


H4 


A. 

,.       X" 


Head  of  column  to  the  left  (or  to  the  right.} 

The  guide  of  each  company  will  direct  himself 
so  as  to  graze  the  breast  of  the  murker;  as  soon 
as  the  first  guide  will  have  turned  or  wheeled,  he 
will  be  careful  to  direct  himself  immediately  on 
the  two  points  which  will  be  indicated  to  him. 

In  the  wheelings,  the  guide  of  each  company 
will  be  careful  not  to  throw  himself  inside  or  out- 
side of  the  arc  of  the  circle  which  he  is  to 
describe,  but  to  pass  through  all  its  points. 

When  a  company,  marching  at  the  quick  step, 
has  to  turn  or  to  form  itself  into  line,  the  soldiers 
will  accelerate  the  pace  to  130  steps  to  the  Qjif}* 

uto. 


SCJIOOL   OF    THE    GUIDES.  17 

TO  RECTIFY  THE  DIRECTION  OF  THE  GUIDES  OF 
A  COLUMN,  BEFORE  FORMING  IT  INTO  LINE  OF 
BATTLE. 

THREE  EXAMPLES  : 

1. — If  the  chief  of  battalion  wishes  to  give  a 

general  direction,  he  will  place  the  firel  l\\"  guides 
on  the   direction   which  he  may  wish  to  give   to 

the  line  of  battle,  and  will  command, 

tides  cover  in  fiU  . 

At  this  command,  the  following  guides  will 
place  themselves  lightly  on  the  direction  of  the 
two  first,  leaving,  exactly,  a  distance  of  sub-divis- 
ion from  one  to  the  other. 

2. — Tf  the  chief  of  battalion  docs  not  judge  it 
necessary  to  give  a  general  direction  to  the  guides 
of  the  column,  he  will  merely  rectify  the  position 
of  those  who  may  be  too  much  in  or  out  of  the 
direction,  by  the  command,  giridt  of  such  cempa- 
v//  to  the  right  or  to  the  left.  At  this  command, 
the  designated  guides  will  place  themselves  on 
the  direction;  the  others  will  stand  fast. 

3. — Finally,  if  the  general  guides  march  on 
the  flank  of  the  column,  the  chief  of  battalion 
having  assured  them  on  the  direction,  if  they  be 
not  already  there,  he  will  command, 

Guides  on  the  line. 

At  this  command,   the  guide   placed   on   the* 
directing  flank  of  each  company,  will  promptly 


18  SCHOOL   OF    THE    GUIDES. 

place  himself  on  the  direction  of  the  general 
guides,  facing  towards  the  head  of  the  column. 
The  lieutenant  colonel  and  major  will  rapidly 
align  them. 

«TO  CLOSE  THE  COLUMN  IN  MASS  ON  THE  HEAD 
OF  THE  COLUMN. 

Figure  No.  7. 


\ 


'< 

4M&, 


1. —  Column  close  in  mass. 
2. —  Quick — March. 

Each  guide  will  march  in  the  traces  of  the  one 
who  precedes  him,  and  afterwards  place  himself 
lightly  at  the  distance  of  five  paces  from  this 
guide,  being  careful  to  fix  his  eyes  on  the  lieu- 
tenant colonel,  who  will  be  at  the  head  of  the 
column,  so  as  to  incline  cither  to  the  right  or  to 
the  left,  on  a  signal  from  that  officer,  if  it  be 
necessary. 

A  guide  will  always  be  certain  that  he  is  on 
the  direction,  if  the  guide  who  is  before  him 
masks  the  preceding  one;  he  will  be  careful  to 
keep  his  head  direct  to  the  front  to  place  himself 
on  the  direction. 


SCHOOL    OF    THE     GUIDE.' 


19 


TO   CLOSE   THE  COLUMN  IN    MAS8    ON  THE    REAR 

OF  THE   CoLV MX. 


Figure  No.  S. 


I  I  fi 


>A        <' 


1. —  On  eighth  company  close  in  mass. 
2. — Battalion — About  Face. 
3. —  Column  forward. 
4. —  Guide  right. 
5. —  Q  u  ick — M  arch. 

Same  observations  as  for  the  preceding  move- 
ment. 

The  battalion  having  faced  about,  the  guides 
will  remain  ih  the  front  rank,  now  become  the 

rear. 

The  guides  will  only  face  about  at  the  com- 
mand of  the  chief  of  battalion. 


GENERAL  RULES. 

The  guides  must  well  impress  themselves  with 
the  rule,  that  in  all  movements,  whether  in  col- 
umn or  in  line  of  battle,  they  must  always  face 
to  the  side  of  the  direction  to  align  themselves, 
and  not  turn  their  backs  to  the  point  on  which 
they  are  to  align,  as  is  often  done  by  guides  who 
are  not  acquainted  with  their  duty. 


20  SCHOOL    OF    THE    GLIDES. 

TO  TAKE    DISTANCE    ON    THE    HEAD  OF  THE    COL- 
UMN. 

Figure  No.  9. 


I  I  !  ilil 


A 


> 


1. —  On  first  company  take  wheeling  distance. 
kJ. — Battalion — About  Face. 
o. — -Column  forward. 
4 . —  Gu  ide  right. 
5. — Quick — March. 

Before  the  commencement  of  the  movement, 
the  left  general  guide  will  throw  himself  promptly 
to  the  rear,  a  little  behind  the  point  at  which  the 
rear  of  the  column  will  arrive,  and  will  place 
himself  correctly  on  the  prolongation  of  the  two 
markers  placed,  one  opposite  the  "first  company, 
and  the  other  at  wheeling  distance  behind  the 
first. 

The  battalion  having  meed  about,  the  guides 
will  remain  in  the  front  rank  now  become  the 
rear. 

The  captain  of  the  first  company  having  aligned 
his  company  and  commanded  front,  the  marker 
will  retire,  and  will  be  replaced  by  the  left  guide. 

The  same  directions  will  apply  to  the  second 
company. 

The  guide  of  the  last  company  will  direct  him- 
self a  little  inside  of  the  left  general  guide. 


SCHOOL    OF   THE   GUIDES.  '21 

As  each  company  halts,  the  guide  will  face  to 
the  front,  and  will  place  himself  promptly  at  the 
distance  and  on  the  direction. 

TO   TAKE    DISTANCE    ON    THE  II EA 11  OF    THE  COL- 
UMN. 

Figure  Xo.  10. 


Ov. 


Ml  I  I 


<  A 


1. —  On  eighth  company  take  wheeling  distance. 
2. —  thlumn  forward. 
.'). —  Guide  left. 

1. —  Quick — March. 

Before  the  movement  commences,  two  marker 
will  be  placed  on  the  left,  after  the  same  princi- 
ples as  to  take  distance  on  the  head  of  the  col- 
umn, and  the  right  general  guide  will  place  him- 
self beyond  the  point  at  which  the  head  of  the  col- 
umn Will  arrive,  as  has  been  before  said  for  the 
left  general  guide. 

The  guides  will  follow  the  principles  previously 
prescribed,  and  as  each  company  halts,  they  will 
face  to  the  rear,  take  their  distance,  place  them- 
selves on  the  direction,  and  will  face  about  only 
at  the  command  of  the  chief  of  battalion. 


22  SCHOOL   OF   THE    GUIDES. 


CHANGE    OF    DIUEDTION    OF    COLUMN    CLOSED   IN 
MASS — FROM  A  HALT. 


Fierurc  No.  11. 


1. —  Change  direction  by  the  right  flank. 
2. — Battalion  right  face. 

3.— Quick— March. 

At  the  command — march,  the  right  guide  of 
the  first  company  will  direct  himself  from  the 
first  step,  on  a  parallel  line  with  the  two  markers 
placed  beforehand  on  the  new  direction. 

The  right  guide  of  each  of  the  following  com- 
panies will  conform  himself  the  the  direction  of 
the  right  guide  of  the  company  which  precedes 
him  in  the  column,  so  as  to  enter  on  the  new 
direction  parallel  with  this  company,  and  at  three 
paces,  or  about  that  distance  from  its  rear  rank. 

The  left  guides,  as  the  companies  are  halted, 
will  place  themselves  on  the  direction  and  at  the 
distance  of  five  paces  from  the  preceding  guides. 

Same  principles  for  a  change  of  direction  by 
the  left  flank. 


SCHOOL    OF   1  BE    GUIDES. 


23 


ON  THE  MARCH. 


This  movement  is  always  executed  on  the  prin- 
ciples of  a  wheel. 


Fiirurc  No.  12. 


/% 


X°:E 


A 

1. — Battalion  right  wlicel. 
2. — 31  Alien. 
3. — Forward. 

4. 3IARCLT. 

At  the  second  command,  the  movement  com- 
mences ;  the  first  division  will  wheel,  as  it"  it 
were  part  of  the  column,  at  half  distance  ;  the 
guide  who  conducts  the  marching  flank  will  be 
careful  not  to  throw  himself  inside  of  the  arc  of 
the  circle  which  he  is  to  describe.  As  soon  as 
this  division  commences  to  wheel,  the  others  will 


24  school  of  tiie  guides. 

conform  themselves  to  the  movements.  For  this 
purpose,  the  left  guide  of  each,  throwing  forward 
a  little  the  left  shoulder,  and  lengthening  a  little 
the  step,  will  incline  to  the  left  by  obliquing,  and 
will  observe  to  gain,  at  the  same  time,  ground 
enough  forward,  so  that  there  shall  be  constantly 
between^  his  division  and  the  one  which  precedes 
it,  the  distance  of  three  paces ;  and,  as  soon  as  he 
covers  the  guide  of  that  division,  he  will  cease 
obliquing,  and  will  march  exactly  in  his  traces. 

Each  right  guide  will  maintain,  between  his 
division  and  the  one  which  precedes  it,  the  same 
distance  as  the  wheeling  flank. 

At  the  fourth  command,  the  divisions  having 
to  take  the  direct  march,  if  a  guide  should  not 
cover  exactly  the  one  who  precedes  him,  he  will 
do  so,  little  by  little,  by  throwing  forward  the 
left  shoulder. 

Same  principles  for  changing  direction  to  the 
left. 

THE  COUNTER-MARCH. 

Whether  the  right  or  left  be  in  front,  and 
either  at  full  or  half  distance,  or  in  mass,  the  two 
guides  will  face  about  when  their  companies  face 
to  the  right  or  to  the  left,  and  will  retake  their 
places  as  soon  as  each  chief  of  company,  after 
having  conducted  and  aligned  it,  will  have  com- 
manded front. 


SCHOOL    OF    THE    GUIDES. 


IN    COLUMN    BY    SUB-DIVISION    CLOSED    IN    MASS 
AT    A    HALT,  TO    FORM  DIVISIONS. 


Figure  No.  13. 


.;n 


. '    •! 

1 

it 

i  .[i 

1. — Form  divisions. 

2. — Left  companies  bft  face 

\\.  —  Qit  ick M  All  C  H . 

4. —  Guides — Posts, 

At  the  second  command,  the  right  and  left 
guides  of  the  right,  (or  odd  numbered  companies,) 

will  place  themselves  before  the  file  which  is 
next  to  them,  facing  to  the  right)  and  will  touch 
lightly  with  the  right  arm,  the  breast  of  the  first 
rank  man  of  that  file,  in  order  to  mark  the  direc- 
tion. 

At  the  command — march,  the  even  numbered 
companies  will  be  conducted  by  their  left  guides. 

The  chiefs  of  even  numbered  companies  hav- 
ing halted  their  companies  and  faced  them  to  the 
front,  each  left  guide  will  throw  himself  promptly 
forward,  face  to  the  right,  and  place  himself  cor- 
rectly upon  the  direction  of  the  guides  of  the  odd 
numbered  companies,  and  so  as  to  be  opposite  to 
one  of  the  last  three  files  of  his  company. 

At  the  fourth  command,  the  guides  who  have 
marked  the  front  of  divisions,  re-take   smartly, 


2G  SCHOOL   OF   THE    GUIDES. 

their  place  in  column,  the  left  guide  of  the  odd 
numbered  company  passing  through  the  interval 
which  separates  the  two  companies. 

BEING  AT   FULL  OR  AT  HALF  DISTANCE. 

The  divisions  will  be  formed  in  the  same  man- 
ner, but  the  chiefs  of  the  even  numbered  com- 
panies having  halted  them  and  commanded  fronts 
march  them  forward  to  align  them  on  the  odd 
numbered  companies,  halt  them  anew,  slightly  in 
rear  of  the  rear  rank  of  the  odd  numbered  com- 
panies, and  it  is  then,  that  the  left  guides  place 
themselves  on  the  line  in  order  to  mark. 

With  the  left  in  front,  the  divisions  will  be 
formed  on  the  same  principles,  applying  to  the 
even  numbered  companies  what  has  been  pre- 
scribed for  the  odd,  but  the  guides  will  face  to 
the  left. 

LEFT  INTO    LINE    WHEEL. 

1. — Left  into  line  wheel. 
2.—  Quid— -March. 
3. —  Guides — Posts. 

At  the  first  command,  the  right  guide  of  the 
first  company  will  place  himself  promptly  on  the 
direction  of  the  left  guides  of  the  column,  face 
to  them,  and  so  as  to  be  opposite  to  one  of  the 
three  right  files  of  his  company  in  line  of  battle. 

At  the  second  command,  the  left  guides  will 
not  stir. 

At  the  third  command,  the  guides  re-take  their 
places  in  line  of  battle,  passing  through  the  inter- 


SCHOOL   OF   THE    GUIDES.  It 

val  of  the  chief  of  company  nearest  them,  and 
in  order  to  allow  them  to  pass,  each  chief  of  com- 
pany will  place  himself  before  the  first  file  of  his 
company,  and  the  covering  sergeant  behind  that 
same  file.  This  rule  is  general  for  all  formations 
in  line  of  battle. 

Id  all  formations  in  line  of  battle,  the  file  clo- 
sers will  place  themselves  exactly  at  two  paces 
in  rear  of  the.rear  rank. 

With  the  column  left  in  front,  the  left  guide 
of  the  eighth  company  will  place  himself  at  the 
lirst  command,  on  the  direction  of  the  right 
guides,  and  the  right  guides  will  follow  what  has 
been  prescribed  for  the  left  guides. 

If  the  column  be  formed  by  divisions,  the  same 
means  will  be  employed,  but  observing  what  fol- 
lows :  If  the  right  be  in  front,  at  the  command 
halt,  given  by  each  chief  of  division,  the  left 
guide  of  each  odd  company  will  place  himself  on 
the  line  opposite  to  one  of  the  three  left  files  of 
his  i  ompanyj  and  will  align  himself  correctly  on 
division  guides,  who,  for  this  purpose,  will  invert 
their  pieces  and  hold  them  perpendicularly  in 
front  of  their  bodies  at  the  command  left  into 
line  wheel. 

If  the  column  be  left  in  front,  the  right  guides 
of  the  even  numbered  companies  will  conform 
themselves  to  what  has  been  prescribed  for  the 
left  guides  of  the  odd  numbered  companies,  and 
will  place  themselves  opposite  to  one  of  the  three 
right  files  of  their  company. 


28  school  of  the  guides. 

.    SUCCESSIVE  FORMATIONS. 


COLUMN  AT  FULL  DISTANCE  ON  THE  RIGHT  INTO 
LINE. 


Figure  No.  11. 


— Y* 

— 


1, —  On  the  right  into  line. 
2. —  Guide  right. 
Z. —  Gu  ides — Posts  . 

The  right  guide  of  the  first  company  will 
march  straight  before  him  to  the  point  at  which 
his  company  will  turn  to  the  right,  and  each 
guide  will  march  in  the  traces  of  the  one  who 
precedes  him. 

The  first  company  having  turned  to  the  right, 
the  right  guide  will  direct  himself  so  that  the 
man  who  is  next  to  him  will  arrive  opposite  to 
the  marker,  who  is  on  the  right;  the  company 
having  been  halted,  the  left  guide  will  retire  on 
the  line  of  file  closers.     Each  right  guide  of  the 


SCHOOL    OF    THE    GUIDES.  _.' 

following  companies,  after  haying  turned  to  march 
on  the  line  of  battle,  will  direct  himself  so  aa  to 
arrive  next  to  the  man  on  the  left  of  the  company 
which  precedes  him,  and  as  each  will  be  su 
ivcly  halted,  each  left  guide  will  place  himself 
before  one  of  the  three  left  files  of  his  company, 
facing  to  the  right,  and  aligning  himself  correctly 
on  the  direction. 

Same  principles  for  forming  on  the  left  into 
line. 

When,  to  execute  the  above  formations,  the 
battalion,  instead  of  being  at  full  distance  or  at 
half  distance,  will  be  closed  in  mass,  the  guides 
will  take  the  greatest  care  n«a  to  shorten  th 
in  turning,  in  order  to  avoid  arresting  the  march 
of  the  column. 

When,  in  executing  successive  formations,  the 
chief  of  battalion  wishes  to  commence  firing, 
(the  firings  are  always  by  file,)  the  duty  of  the 
guides  is  as  follow-  : 

I  suppose  the  execution  of  the  above  move- 
ment. 

At  the  command,  fire  hy  file,  of  the  chief  of 
the  first  company,  the  marker,  placed  before  the 
right  of  the  first  company  will  retire,  and  the 
other  will  fall  back  opposite  to  the  right  man  of 
the  second  company  j  the  chief  of  the  second 
will,  in  his  turn,  commence  firing.  When  the 
chief  of  the  third  will  have  commanded  front, 
the  marker,  placed  before  the  right  file  of  the 
second  company  will  retire  at  the  command, 
front,  and  the  left  guide  will  fall  back  opposite 
to  the  right  man  of  the  third  company,  and  so 
on,  for  the  following  : 


30  SCIIOOL    OF    THE    GUIDES. 

COLUMN     AT     FULL    DISTANCE      FORWARD     INTO 
LINE. 

Figure  No.  15. 


Jr      \    \    X     V    v/^  \ 


V 


\ 


•%       xr^p 


"O "3b  v 


1. — Forward  into  line 

2. — By  company  left-half  wheel. 

3. —  Quick — March. 

4. — Forward. 

5. — March. 

G. —  Guide  right. 

7. —  Guides — Posts. 

At  the  sixth  command,  the  right  guide  of  the 
second  company,  who  is  nearest  the  line  of  battle, 


SCHOOL    Or    THE    GUIDES.  ol 

will  direct  himself  straight  forward  ;  the  one  of 
each  of  the  other  companies  will  follow  the  file 
which  will  find  itself  before  him,  when  the  com- 
pany which  precedes  his  has  ceased  to  wheel. 

The  second  company  having  been  halted  at  the 
distance  of  three  paces  from  the  line  of  battle, 
the  left  guide  will  place  himself  on  the  line,  so 
as  to  be  opposite  to  one  of  the  three  left  files  of 
his  company. 

At  the  moment  the  guide  of  the  second  com- 
pany turns  to  the  right,  the  guide  of  the  third, 
ceasing  to  follow  the  file  which  is  before  him, 
will  march  straight  forward  till  the  chief  of  his 
company  turns  it  to  the  right ;  the  left  guide  will 
execute  what  has  been  said  for  the  one  of  the 
second. 

The  guides  of  each  of  the  other  companies 
will  execute  what  has  been  prescribed  for  those  of 
the  third. 

The  guide  of  each  company  must  be  careful  to 
turn,  so  as  to  arrive  squarely  upon  the  line  of 
battle. 

If,  during  the  execution  of  the  movement,  a 
company  should  meet  an  obstacle,  its  chief  will 
cause  it  to  march  by  the  flank,  and  the  guide  will 
continue  to  follow  the  file  behind  which  he  finds 
himself,  maintaining  himself  exactly  at  the  same 
distance  from  the  company  which  precedes  his. 

Same  principles  for  left  in  front. 


32  SCHOOL    OF    THE    GUIDES. 

COLUMN    AT    FULL    DISTANCE   INTO    LINE  FACED 
TO  THE  REAR. 

Fi-'uro  No.  16. 


/. 


/A 


/ 


>  /  /  ■'  ■'*=> 


/ 


•7.     S         s        /       / 

/        /        '        '     - 


/  /•  / 

^     s        /         / 


X* 


1. — Into  line  faced  to  the  rear. 
2. — Battalion  right  face. 
3. —  Quick — March. 
4. —  Guides — Posts. 


At  the  command  march,  the  companies  will 
put  themselves  in  march ;  the  left  guide  of  the 
second  company  will  promptly  detach  himself  to 
mark  the  line  of  battle;  he  will  place  himself  as 
has    been  prescribed  for   successive  formations, 


SCHOOL   OF   THE    GUIDES.  06 

and  thus  indicates  to  hi  f  company  the 

point  at  which  he  is  to  cross  the  line  of  battle. 

The  left  guides  of  the  following  companies  will 
detach  themselves  in  time  to  precede  their 
panies   by  twelve  or   ftfl  on   the   line  ; 

they  will  place  themselves  so  as  to  be  opposi 
one  of  the  three  left  files  of  their   company,  in 
line  of  battle. 

it  xi  assoT)  xK.rioo  ko  ikzrjlotjxo: 

Every  time  that  a  company  has  to  form 
on  the  line  of  battle',  the  guide  who  has  to  mark, 
is  always  the  «»ne  who  is  the  farthest  from  the 
point  of  direction;  that   is  to  ?.\y.  the  one  who 
will  find  himself  on  the   op]  i  from  the 

one  on  which   the  chief  of  the  company    ; 
himself  to  align   it.     If  the   guides  und< 
this   principle  well,    they  will   never  be    embar- 
rassed, whether  the  battalion  manoeuvres  in 
order,  by  inverse,  or  hi   the  real  rank;  while 
often,  for  example,  the  right   guid  mt  on 

the  line  when  it  should  >ne  of  the  left, 

and  it  sometimes  happen--,  that  from  the  uncer- 
tainty they  feel  themselves  in,  neither  com- 
to  mark,  and  that  the  lieutenant  colonel  or  major 
is  obliged  to  call  them  out.  Wh<  a  n  guide  lias 
to  place  himself  before  his  company  to  mark  the 
direction,  he  will  take  the  greatest  care  to  place 
himself,  so  as  to  be  opposite  to  one  of  its  three 
exterior  files. 


34  SCHOOL   OF    THE    GUIDES. 

Figure  No.  17. 


1. —  On  first  division  deploy  column. 
2. — Battalion  left  face. 
3. —  Qu  iek — March. 
4. —  Guides — Posts. 

The  two  markers  being  placed  before  the  first 
division,  the  left  general  guide  will  throw  himself 
on  the  line  of  battle,  a  little  beyond  the  point  at 
which  the  left  of  the  battalion  will  rest  when 
deployed,  and  will  place  himself  correctly  on  the 
prolongation  of  the  markers  established  befure 
the  first  division. 

.At  the  third  command,  the  left  guide  of  the 
second  division  will  direct  himself  on  a  parallel 
line  with  the  line  of  battle;  those  of  the  third 
and  fourth  divisions  will  inarch  on  a  line  with 
him ;  each  will  preserve  the  distance  of  five 
paces  between  himself  and  the  guide  of  the 
division  which  precedes  his  in  column. 

The  second  division  having  been  halted,  the 
two  left  guides  of  the  companies  forming  the 
division,  will  place  themselves  on  the  line  and  on 
the  direction  of  the  markers.  The  right  guides 
of  the  third  and  fourth  divisions,  in  conducting 
their  divisions  on  the  line,  will  be  careful  to  direct 
them  so  as  to  arrive  next  to  the  man  on  the  left 
of  the  division  which  precedes  them.  The  two 
left  guides  of  companies  of  each  division,  will 
place  themselves  on  the  line  at  the  moment  each 


SCHOOL   OF    THE    GUIDES.  35 

division  will  have  been   halted    anew,   at  three 
paces  from  the  line  of  battle. 

Same  principles  for  deployment  on  the  fourth 
division.  In  this  case,  it  is  the  right  general 
guide  who  detaches  himself  to  mark  the  line  of 
battle,  and  the  guide  of  the  first  division  will 
direct  himself  three  paces  inside  of  this  general 
guide.  If  the  movement  takes  place  on  an  inte- 
rior division,  both  general  guides  will  detach 
themselves. 

ADVANCE    IN     LINE   OF   BATTLE. 
Figure  No.  18. 


1. — Battalion  forward' 
2. — March. 

At  the  first  command,  the  front  rank  of  the 
color  will  step  forward  six  paces,  and  be  re-placed 
by  the  second  rank.  The  color  sergeant  will  take 
two  points  on  the  ground,  on  a  line  between  him- 
self and  the  lieutenant  colonel,  in  advance. 

The  two  general  guides  will  place  themselves 
on  a  line  with  the  color  j  the  right  one  in  front  of 
the  chief  of  the  first  company,  the  left  one  in 
front  of  the  closing  sergeant. 

The  covering  sergeant  of  the  fifth  company 


36  SCHOOL   OF   THE    GUIDES. 

will  step  into  the  front  rank  in  the  place  of  his 
chief  of  company,  and  the  closing  sergeant  will 
step  into  the  rear  rank  j  the  covering  corporal  on 
the  line  of  file  closers. 

At  the  second  command,  the  battalion  will  put 
itself  in  march. 

The  color  sergeant  entrusted  with  the  step  and 
the  direction,  will  scrupulously  observe  the  length 
and  cadence  of  the  step,  will  inarch  on  the  pro- 
longation of  the  two  points  which  he  will  have 
taken  on  the  ground  between  himself  and  the 
lieutenant  colonel,  and  will  successively  take 
others,  as  has  been  prescribed  in  the  School  of 
the  Company,  No.  581.  The  corporal  on  his 
right  and  left  will  march  in  the  same  step,  keep- 
ing the  head  and  shoulders  square  to  the  front. 

The  two  general  guides  will  march  in  the  same 
step  with  the  color  sergeant,  and  will  keep  them- 
selves, as  nearly  as  possible,  on  a  line  with  him, 
paying  no  attention  to  one  another.  Their  object 
is,  to  indicate  to  the  wings  the  step  of  the  centre 
of  the  battalion,  and  to  facilitate  the  establish- 
ment of  the  wings  on  the  direction  of  the  centre, 
should  they  be  too  far  in  the  rear. 

The  three  corporals  of  the  second  rank  of  the 
color  guard,  placed  in  the  centre  of  the  battalion, 
will  march,  well  aligned,  elbow  to  elbow,  the 
head  to  the  front,  and  without  deranging  the  line 
of  their  shoulders.  The  one  who  is  in  the  centre 
will  march  exactly  in  the  traces  of  the  color  ser- 
geant, and  will  maintain  the  same  step,  without 
either  lengthening  or  shortening  it,  except  upon 
the  notice  of  the  chief  of  the  battalion  or  oi  the 
lieutenant  colonel,  even  if  he  should  find  himself 


SCHOOL    OF    THE    GUIDE?.  37 

at  more  or  less  than  six  paces  from  the  color  rank. 

These  three  corporals  with  the  chiefs  of  the 
fourth  and  fifth  companies,  will  form  the  basis  of 
alignment  of  the  battalion. 

The  covering  sergeant  of  the  fifth  company 
will  march,  elbow  to  elbow,  and  on  the  Bame  lino 
with  the  three  corporals  of  the  centre;  he  will 
keep  his  head  direct  to  the  front. 

Point  of  direction  to  the  right  (or  to  tl><    ' 

At  this  command,  the  major  will  throw  himself 
thirty  or  forty  paces  in  advance,  and  will  place 
himself  on  the  direction  indicated  by  the  chief 
of  the  battalion  ;  the  corporal  in  the  centre  of  the 
battalion,  will  direct  himself  upon  tho  major, 
upon  notice  from  the  chief  of  the  battalion,  by 
throwing  forward  the  opposite  shoulder;  the  cor- 
porals on  his  right  ami  on  his  left  will  conform 
themselves  to  his  direction. 

The  color  sergeant  will  also  direct  hiinsclf 
towards  the  major,  by  throwing  forward  the  oppo- 
site shoulder;  the  major  will  cause  him  to  incline 
to  the  right  or  to  the  left,  until  he  covers  the 
corporal  of  his  file ;  the  color  sergeant  will  then 
take  two  points  upon  the  ground  in  the  new  direc- 
tion. 

The  two  general  guides  will  conform  themselves 
to  the  new  direction  of  the  color  sergeant. 

1. — Riylit  (or  left)  oblique. 
2. — March. 

The  color  sergeant  and  the  corporal  in  the  cen- 
tre,  must  oblique  by  an   equal  movement,  and 


38  SCHOOL   OF   THE   GUIDES. 

maintain  their  shoulders  square  to  the  front;  the 
color  sergeant  will  oblique  neither  more  nor  less 
than  the  corporal ;  the  major  will  attend  to  this. 
When  the  direct  march  is  re-taken,  the  color 
sergeant  will  immediately  take  two  points  on  the 
ground  between  him  and  the  major,  who  will 
have  thrown  himself  thirty  paces  in  advance. 

HALTING   THE    BATTALION,    MARCHING   IN   LINE 
OF   BATTLE,    AND   ALIGNING   IT. 

Figure  No.  19. 


A&L 


^K 


1. — Battalion. 
2.— Halt. 


The  battalion  being  halted,  if  the  chief  of 
battalion  wishes  to  give  it  a  general  alignment, 
he  will  place  himself  a  few  paces  outside  of  the 
general  guide  of  either  wing,  (the  right  is  sup- 
posed,) the  right  general  guide  and  the  color  will 
face  to  him,  and  he  will  promptly  establish  them 
on  the  direction  which  he  may  wish  to  give  to  the 
battalion  ;  this  done,  the  left  general  guide  will 
place  himself  on  the  direction,  and  the  major  will 
assure  him  in  his  position. 

The  two  corporals  of  the  color  guard  will  return 
to  their  places  in  the  line  of  battle. 


SCHOOL    OF    THE    GUIDES.  39 

These  dispositions  being  made,  the  chief  of 
battalion  will  command — 

1. —  Guides  on  the  tim  . 

2. —  On  the  centre  di 

3. —  Color  and  Guides — POSTS. 

At  the  first  command,  the  right  guide  of  each 

of  the  companies  of  the  right  wing,  and  the  left 
guide  of  each  of  the  companies  of  the  left  wing, 
will  place  themselves  on  the  direction  of  the 
color,  and  the  two  general  guides  ;  lace  to  tin- 
color,  and  each  place  himself  in  rear  of  the  guide 
who  is  immediately  before  him,  at  a  distance 
equal  to  the  front  of  his  company  •  they  will 
align  themselves  on  the  color,  and  the  general 
guide  in  front  of  them. 

The  battalion  being  aligned,  the  color  and 
guides  will  re-take  their  places  in  line  of  battle. 

The  general  guides,  in  placing  themselves  upon 
the  line,  will  be  careful  to  go  a  little  outside  of 
the  wings  of  the  battalion. 


40 


SCHOOL   OF   THE    GUIDES. 


CHANCE   OF   DIRECTION    IN    MARCHING    IN    LINE 
OF  BATTLE. 

Figure  No.  20. 


* 


^ 


1. —  Change  direction  to  the  right. 
2:— March. 

The  color  rank  will  take  the  step  of  fourteen 
inches,  and  will  direct  itself  circularly  to  the 
right,  observing  to  advance,  insensibly,  the  left 
shoulder,  and  will  describe  an  arc  of  the  circle, 
neither  too  large  nor  too  small. 

The  right  general  guide  will  merely  pivot;  the 
left  general  guide  will  march,  circularly,  the  step 
of  twenty-eight  inches,  and  will  align  himself  on 
the  color  and  the  right  general  guide. 

The  corporal  in  the  centre  of  the  battalion, 
will  take  the  step  of  fourteen  inches  and  will 


SCHOOL    OF    T1IE    GUIDES.  41 

wheel  to  the  right,  by  gradually  advancing  the 
left  shoulder. 

1. — Forward. 
2. — March. 

The  battalion  will  re-take  the  direct  march. 
The  major,  having  thrown  himself  thirty  or  forty 
paces  in  advance,  on  the  perpendicular  line  which 
the  corporal  in  centre  of  the  battalion  will  have 
to  follow,  will  place  the  color  sergeant  opposite 
that  file;  the  color  sergeant  will,  immediately, 
take  two  points  on  the  ground  between  himself 
and  the  major. 

TO  MARCH  TUP]  BATTALION  IN  RETREAT. 

The  battalion  being  halted,  if  the  chief  of 
battalion  wishes  to  march  it  in  retreat,  he  will 
command — 

1. — Facr  to  tin  rear. 

2 . — Battalion — ABO l  T  Fa CE . 

At  the  second  command,  the  color  guard  and 
the  general  guides,  if  they  are  before  the  front, 
will  re-take  their  places  in  line  of  battle;  the 
color  sergeant  will  step  into  the  rear  rank,  now 
become  the  front. 

3. — Battalion  forward. 
4. — March. 

At  the  third  command,  the  color  sergeant  and 
the  two  corporals  of  the  rear  rank  of  his  guard, 


42  SCHOOL    OF   THE    GUIDES. 

will  step  eight  paces  to  the  front,  and  will  be  re- 
placed by  the  front  rank  of  that  guard;  the  two 
general  guides  will  step  out  on  a  line  with  the 
rank  of  the  color  guard,  the  covering  sergeants 
on  the  line  of  file  closers.  The  three  file  closers 
nearest  the  centre  of  the  battalion,  will  unite 
behind  the  rank  of  the  color  guard,  so  as  to  serve 
as  a  basis  of  alignment  for  the  rank  of  file  closers. 

The  battalion  will  march  in  retreat  by  the 
same  principles  as  by  the  front  rank.  The  file 
closer,  who  finds  himself  behind  the  color  ser- 
geant, will  follow  exactly  in  his  traces. 

If  it  be  a  battalion  of  direction,  the  color  ser- 
geant will  direct  himself  upon  the  markers.  If 
it  be  a  subordinate  battalion,  he  will  maintain 
himself  on  the  perpendicular  line,  by  means  of 
the  points  which  he  will  select  upon  the  ground. 

1. — Battalion. 

2.— Halt. 

3. — Face  to  the  front. 

4. — Battalion — About  Face. 

At  the  fourth  command,  the  color  rank,  the 
general  guides,  and  the  covering  sergeants  will 
re-take  their  places  in  line  of  battle;  the  color 
sergeant  will  step  into  the  front  rank. 

CHANGE    OF    DIRECTION    IN    MARCHING    IN    RE- 
TREAT. 

A  battalion,  marching  in  line  of  battle,  in  re- 
treat, will  change  direction  by  the  means  indi- 
cated. "When  marching  by  the  rear  rank,  the 
three  file  closers,  united  in  the  centre  of  the  bat- 


SCHOOL   OF    THE    GUIDES.  43 

talion,  will  conform  themselves  to  the  movement 
of  the  color  rank,  and  will  wheel  the  same  as  this 
rank;  the  file  closer,  who  finds  himself  in  the 
centre,  will  take  the  step  of  fourteen  inches  and 
will  always  maintain  himself  at  the  same  distance 
from  the  color  sergeant. 

The  rank  of  file  closers,  will  conform  itself  to 
the  movement  of  the  centre. 

PASSAGE    OF    OBSTACLE — ADVANCING!    AND    RE- 
TREATING.     THE    COMPANIES     PLOY    TO    THE 

HEAR  INTO  COLUMN,  AT  FULL  DISTANCE. 

Figure  No.  21. 
o 


S 


1. —  Third  company  obstacle. 

The  company  will  face  to  the  left  in  marching, 
at  the  command  of  its  chief;  the  two  files  on  the 
left,  will  break  promptly  to  the  rear,  and  the 
company  will  accelerate  the  step;  the  left  guide 
will  place  himself  at  the  head  of  the  front  rank, 
to  conduct  it,  and  direct  himself  parallely  with 
the  company  behind  which  he  is  to  form  in  col- 
umn. The  company  will  face  to  the  right  in 
marching,  taking  the  guide  on  the  right.  This 
guide  will  accelerate  the  step,  until  the  command, 


44  SCHOOL   OF    TIIE    GUIDES. 

to  the  step,  given  by  his  chief  of  company,  he 
will  then  take  the  step  of  the  battalion,  and  will 
march  in  the  traces  of  the  chief  of  company, 
behind  which  he  finds  himself. 

As  soon  as  the  third  company  will  have  faced 
to  the  left,  the  left  guide  of  the  second  will  place 
himself  on  the  left  of  the  front  rank  of  his  com- 
pany, and  will  maintain  between  it  and  the  right 
of  the  fourth,  the  necessary  interval  for  the  re- 
turn of  the  third  into  line. 

Figure  No.  22. 
o 


A 


2. —  Third  company — Forward  into  line. 

The  company  will  form  itself  into  line,  by  the 
principles  for  the  formation  of  forward  into  line. 

Same  principles  and  inverse  means,  for  execu- 
ting the  passage  of  an  obstacle,  before  a  company 
of  the  left  wing. 

If  the  passage  of  an  obstacle,  before  several 
companies  at  one  time  has  to  be  executed,  (for 
example :  the  three  companies  of  the  right  or  the 
three  companies  of  the  left,)  the  guides,  with  the 
exception  of  the  one  nearest  to  the  battalion,  in 


SCnOOL    OF    THE    GUIDES.  45 

marching  by  the  flank,  will  be  careful  to  incline 
towards  the  battalion. 

Same  principles  for  executing  the  j 
an  obstacle  in  marching  in  retreat,  as  in  marching 
by  the  front  rank. 

When  the  company,  of  which  the  color  rank- 
forms  a  part,  hns  to  execute  the  passage  of  an 
obstacle,  the  color  rank  will  return  to  its  company 
the  moment  it  faces  to  the  right  or  to  the  left, 
and  as  soon  as  it  returns  in  line,  the  color  rank 
will  promptly  throw  itself  sis  in   front   of 

the  battalion,  and  will  take  the  step  from  the 
major,  who  will  immediately  throw  himself 
twenty-five  or  thirty  paces  before  the  color  ser- 
geant, establish  himself  on  the  perpendicular, 
and  the  color  sergeant  will  immediately  take  two 
points  on  the  ground  between  himself  and  the 
major. 

It  has  been  prescribed,  as  a  general  rule,  that 
the  companies  of  the  right  wing  must  execute 
the  passage  of  an  obstacle;  by  the  left  flank,  and 
those  of  the  left  wing,  by  tne  right  flank;  but, 
if  the  obstacle  covers,  at  the  same  time,  several 
companies  of  the  centre,  each  one  of  those  com- 
panies will  ploy  behind  the  company  to  which  it 
will  be  nearest  in  the  wine  to  which  it  belongs. 


4G 


SCHOOL   OF   THE    GUIDES. 


TO  PASS  A   DEFILE  IN   RETREAT   BY   THE   RIGHT 
OR  LEFT  FLANK. 

Figure  No.  23. 


\ 


1<M<I<N>/ 


4& 

<0* 


:i 


o 


1. —  To  the  rear  hy  the  right  flank,  pass  the 

Jefi/e. 


SCHOOL   OF    THE    GUIDES.  47 

The  chief  of  the  first  company  haying  com- 
menced the  movement,  the  right  guide,  after 
having  passed  the  line  of  file  closers  by  four 
paces,  and  having  again  turned  to  the  right,  will 
direct  himself  towards  the  left  of  the  battalion, 
and  when  the  chief  of  company  will  form  it  by 
platoon  into  line,  this  guide,  who  is  at  the  head 
of  the  column,  will  direct  himself  towards  the 
marker,  who  will  have  been  placed  at  fifteen  or 
twenty  paces  from  the  file  closers,  at  the  point 
where  the  companies  will  have  to  change  direc- 
tion to  enter  the  defile. 

The  other  companies  follow  the  movement,  so 
as  to  be  at  the  proper  distance  in  marching  by 
the  flank,  until  the  formation  by  platoons;  but 
without,  however,  being  constrained  to  maintain 
the  stop  of  the  company  which  precedes  it. 

Same  principles  and  inverse  means  for  pa 
a  defile  by  the  left  flank. 

If  the  defile  be  too  narrow  to  pass  by  platoons, 
it  will  be  traversed  by  the  flank;  the  file  closers 
will  watch  that  the  files  close  up  in  inarching. 

MARCHING  BY  THE  FLANK. 

In  this  march,  the  sergeant  who  is  at  the  head 
of  the  battalion,  will  take  points  on  the  ground 
to  insure  the  direction,  and  will  be  careful  to  pre- 
serve the  length  and  cadence  of  the  step. 

In  the  march  by  the  right  flank,  the  sergeant 
who  closes  the  left  of  the  battalion  will  place 
himself  as  a  chief  of  company;  the  covering  cor- 
poral behind  him  as  a  covering  sergeant. 

In  the  inarch  by  the  left  flank,  the  sergeant 


48  scnooL  of  tiie  guides. 

who  closes  the  left  of  the  battalion  will  place 
himself  as  a  covering  Bergeant,  and  the  corporal 
who  is  behind  him  will  pass  into  the  line  of  file 
closers.  The  covering  sergeant  of  the  first  com- 
pany will  place  himself  on  the  right  of  the  front 
rank  man  of  the  first  file. 

The  file  closers  will  watch  that  the  files  neither 
close  nor  open  their  distance,  and  that  they  only 
insensibly  regain  it,  should  they  have  lost  it. 

TO    FORM    THE    BATTALION    ON    THE    RIGHT    OR 
LEFT  BY  FILE  INTO  LINE  OF  BATTLE. 

The  right  or  left  guide  of  each  company,  (ac- 
cording to  the  formation,)  except  the  one  of  the 
company  who  finds  himself  at  the  head,  will 
place  himself  on  the  direction  of  the  markers, 
opposite  the  first  or  last  file,  the  moment  that  file 
arrives  on  the  line. 


SCHOOL    OF    THE    GUIDES.  49 


CHANGE  OF  FRONT. 


1. —  Ghange  fronty  forward  on  first  company. 

2. — By  company }  right-half  ichccl. 

o. —  Quick — March. 

4. — Forward. 

5. — March. 

6. —  Guide  rigjit. 

7. —  Guides — Posts. 

At  the  third  command;  the   left   guides  will 
place  themselves  on  the  left  of  their  companies 
the  instant  they  can  pa«s. 
4 


50  SCHOOL   OF   THE    GUIDES. 

At  the  fifth  command,  the  right  guide  of  the 
second  company  will  march  straight  before  him, 
till  the  moment  his  company  will  have  to  turn  to 
the  right;  the  right  guide  of  each  of  the  other 
companies  will  follow  the  file,  which  at  the  mo- 
ment the  wheeling  ceases,  he  will  find  before  him 
in  the  company  which  precedes  his,  and  will 
march  in  the  traces  of  that  file,  until  the  com- 
pany of  which  it  forms  a  part  turns  to  the  right 
to  march  towards  the  line. 

Each  right  guide  in  turning  towards  the  line, 
will  direct  himself  so  as  to  arrive  squarely 
thereon. 

Each  company  will  be  halted  at  three  paces 
from  the  line  of  battle,  and  at  the  same  instant 
the  left  guide  will  place  himself  upon  the  line. 

Same  principles  and  inverse  means  for  changing 
front  on  eighth  or  last  company. 

Same  principles  for  changing  front  to  the  rear; 
the  guides  cross  the  line  of  battle  so  that  the 
front  rank  will  have  passed  by  three  paces. 


SCHOOL   OF    THE    GUIDES.  51 

DOUBLE  COLUMN  AT  HALF  DISTANCE. 
Figure  X<>.  25. 


1. — Double  a,! nnm  at  half  distance. 
2. — Battalion — 1  nward  Face. 

3. —  Quick~M.AB.CVL. 

The  three  companies  of  the  rigtit  will  be  con- 
ducted to  take  their  places  in  column  by  the  left 
guides,  and  the  three  left  companies  by  the  right 
guides. 

The  left  guide  of  the  fifth  company  will  place 
himself  in  the  front  rank,  on  the  left  of  the 
division,  as  soon  as  he  can  pa 

Each  company  having  entered  the  column  and 
faced  to  the  front,  each  left  guide  of  the  right 
companies  will  pass  into  the  line  of  file  closers. 

The  right  guides  will  be  careful  to  place  them- 
selves correctly  on  the  direction,  and  to  take  their 
distances,  before  the  chief  of  division  will  have 
commanded,  right  dress* 

The  double  column  will  habitually  take  the 
guide  on  the  right,  but  it  may  take  it  on  the  left 
or  on  the  centre;  the  divisions  will  take  the  de- 


52  SCHOOL    OF    THE    OUIDES. 

nominations  of  first,  second,  third  and  fourth 
divisions,  according  to  the  position  which  they 
occupy  in  column. 

DEPLOYMENT  OF  THE  DOUBLE  COLUMN  FACED 
TO  THE  FRONT. 

This  deployment  Avill  be  executed  by  the  prin- 
ciples prescribed  for  the  deployment  of  column  in 
mass. 

When  the  double  column  will  be  formed  into 
line  of  battle,  faced  to  the  right  or  to  the  left, 
the  duties  of  the  guides  arc  the  same  as  in  the 
movements,  right  or  left  into  line,  wheel,  and  on 
the  right  or  on  the  left  into  line. 

DISPOSITION  AGAINST  CAVALRY. 
Figure  No.  20. 


1 . —  To  form  squa  re. 

2. —  To  half  distance  close  column. 

8 . — Quick — Marc  ii  . 


At  the  moment  the  last  division  will  halt,  the 


SCHOOL    OF    THE    GUIDES. 


file  closers  of  this  division,  passing  by  the  outer 
flank  of  their  companies,  will  throw  themselves 
rapidly  in  front  of  the  front  rank,  and  face  to- 
wards the  head  of  the  column. 


1. — Form  squart  . 

2. — Right  aiu?  h'ft  into  Nne — Wheel. 

3. —  QuicJi — March. 

4. —  Quides — Posts. 

At  the  first  command,  the  lieutenant  colonel, 
facing  to  the  left  guides,  and  the  major,  facing  to 
those  of  the  right,  will  align  them  upon  the 
guides  of  the  fourth  division,  who  will  stand  fast, 
holding  up  their  pieces  inverted,  perpendicularly 
in  front  of  their  bodies;  the  right  guides,  in 
placing  themselves  on  the  direction,  will  take 
their  exact  distances. 

At  the  second  command,  the  color  sergeant 
will  step  back  into  the  line  of  file  closers,  opposite 
to  his  place  in  line  of  battle,  and  will  be  replaced 
by  the  corporal  of  his  file  who  is  in  the  rear 
rank. 

At  the   third    command,   the   square   will   be 


54 


SCHOOL   OF   THE    GUIDES. 


formed;  the  fourth  division  having  closed  up,  its 
chief  will  face  it  about;  the  chief  of  company 
who  is  in  the  interval,  will  change  places  with  the 
covering  sergeant;  the  file  closers  will,  at  the  same 
moment,  close  up  a  pace. 

At  the  fourth  command,  the  guides  will  enter 
the  square ;  in  the  companies  which  have  formed 
to  the  right  into  line  of  battle,  the  left  guides 
will  place  themselves  behind  their  chief  of  com- 
panies, and  the  covering  sergeants  will  place 
themselves  as  file  closers  of  their  companies. 

Figure  No.  23. 


1. — Form  column. 
9  — ruj*h — March. 


The  file  closers  of  the  last  division  will  remain 
before  the  front  rank. 

When  a  column,  disposed  for  the  formation  of 
the  square  will  be  on  the  march,  it  will  change 
direction  the  same  as  a  column  at  half  distance, 
but  only  by  wheelings. 

During  the  march,  the  right  guides  will  pre- 
serve exactly,  company  distance,  the  same  as  the 
left  guides. 


SCHOOL   OF   THE    GUIDES.  55 

1. —  To  march  in  retreat. 
2. — Face  by  the  rear  rank. 
3. — Battalion — About  Face. 

At  the  second  command,  the  file  closers  of  the 
interior  divisions  will  throw  themselves,  passing 
by  the  outer  flank  of  their  respective  companies, 
behind  the  front  rank,  opposite  to  their  places  in 
line  of  battle.  Those  of  the  other  divisions  will 
stand  fast. 

At  the  third  command,  the  guides  will  stjgp 
into  the  rear  rank,  now  become  the  front. 

When  the  column  will  be  meed  by  the  front 
rank,  the  guides  and  file  closers  will  conform  to 
the  principles  prescribed  above. 

TO  REDUCE  SQUARE. 

1. — Reduce  square. 
2. —  Quick — March. 

This  movement  will  be  executed  in  the  manner 
indicated  for  the  formation  of  column;  but  the 
file  closers  of  the  last  division  will  throw  them- 
selves behind  the  rear  rank  at  the  moment  it  will 
face  about;  the  color  sergeant  will  re-take  his 
place  in  column. 

REMARKS. 

If  the  column,  instead  of  being;  at  full  distance, 
as  has  been  supposed,  be  at  half  distance  at  the 
command  of  form  square,  the  file  closers  of  the 
last  division  will   throw  themselves   before   the 


56  school  of  the  guides. 

front  rank.  The  left  and  right  guides  will  be 
aligned  on  those  of  the  last  division,  as  has  been 
said.  At  the  command,  right  and  left  into  line, 
wheel,  the  color  sergeant  will  step  back  into  the 
line  of  file  closers,  and  will  be  re-placed  by  the 
corporal  of  his  file  who  is  in  the  rear  rank.  At 
the  command  of  quick — march,  the  formation 
will  be  executed  after  the  prescribed  principles. 

When  a  column  having  to  form  square,  will 
not  have  time  to  form  divisions,  it  will  be  formed 
by  the  commands  and  means  previously  indicated; 
the  first  and  last  companies  will  conform  to  what 
has  been  prescribed  for  the  first  and  fourth  divis- 
ions ;  the  other  companies  will  form  by  platoons, 
to  the  right  and  left,  into  line  of  battle. 

A  battalion  being  in  line  of  battle  when  it  is 
desired  to  form  square,  whether  the  column  is 
formed  in  simple  or  double  column,  the  disposi- 
tions particular  to  the  formation  of  squares  will 
be  executed.  The  division  which  has  to  take 
post  in  the  rear  of  the  column,  will  take  distance 
of  column  closed  in  mass,  and  as  soon  as  it  will 
be  halted,  the  file  closers  of  this  division  will 
throw  themselves  before  the  front  rank, 

THE  RALLY. 

The  battalion  being  dispersed,  when  the  chief 
of  battalion  wishes  to  rally  it,  he  will  cause  the 
drums  to  beat  to  the  color,  and  will  place  at  the 
same  time,  the  color  sergeant  and  two  markers 
on  the  direction  which  he  wants  to  give  to  the 
battalion. 

The  color  company  will  be  promptly  aligned 


SCHOOL    OF    THE    GUIDES.  57 

against  the  markers ;  each  of  the  other  compa- 
nies will  be  rallied  about  six  paces  in  rear  of  the 
post  which  it  will  have  to  occupy  in  line  of  bat- 
tle; it  will  afterwards  be  brought  upon  the 
alignment  of  the  color  company  and  established 
thereon,  according  to  prescribed  principles. 

If  the  battalion  has  to  be  rallied  in  column, 
the  chief  of  the  battalion  will  cause  the  drums 
to  beat  the  assembly;  two  markers  will  be  j 
before  the  position  to  be  occupied  by  the  first 
company  ;  the  chief  of  this  company  will  rally  it 
behind  the  markers,  and  the  chief  of  each  of  the 
other  companies  will  rally  it  at  platoon  distance, 
in  rear  of  the  one  which  has  to  precede  it  in 
order  of  column. 


RULES  FOR  MANCE1   VREING   BY  THE  REAM  RANK. 

The  battalion  being  by  the  front  rank,  when 
the  chief  of  battalion  wishes  to  face  it  by  the 
rear  rank,  he  will  command, 

1. —  Face  by  the  rear  rank. 
-. — Battalion. 
3. — About  Face. 

If  the  battalion  be  deployed,  this  movement 
will  be  executed  as  has  been  indicated  for  the 
firings  by  the  rear  rank. 

If  the  battalion  be  in  column  by  companies  or 
by  platoon,  the  chiefs  of  companies,  to  take  their 
new  places  in  column,  will  pass  by  the  left  flank 
of  their  companies,  and  the  file  closers  by  the 


58  scnooL  of  the  guides. 

right  flank.  The  guides  will  place  themselves  in 
the  rear  rank,  become  the  front. 

If  the  column  be  formed  by  divisions,  the 
chiefs  of  divisions  will  pass  through  the  intervals 
which  are  in  the  centre  of  their  respective  divis- 
ions, and  the  file  closers  by  the  outer  flank  of 
their  respective  companies;  the  junior  captain 
will  step  into  the  rear  rank,  become  the  front, 
and  his  covering  sergeant  will  step  behind  him  in 
the  front  rank,  become  the  rear. 

The  companies  and  divisions  will  preserve  the 
same  denominations  as  by  the  front  rank. 

The  column  will  be  faced  to  the  front,  by  the 
means  prescribed  above. 

If  the  column  be  formed  by  companies  or  by 
platoons,  the  chiefs  of  companies,  to  take  their 
new  places  in  column,  will  pass  by  the  left  of 
companies,  become  the  right;  and  the  file  closers 
by  the  right,  become  the  left. 


INSTRUCTION*    FOR    SKIRMISHERS.  50 


DESTRUCTION    FOR    SKIRMISHERS. 


TO  DEPLOY  FORWARD. 


The  first,  second  and  third  sergeants  follow  the 
movement — they  will  be  plaeed  on  the  right,  on 
the  left,  and  in  the  centre  of  the  company — one 
of  them  will  be  charged  with  the  direction. 

The  line  being  formed,  these  three  non-com- 
missioned officers  will  throw  themselves  ten  paces 
behind  the  first  two  files  of  the  right  and  left, 
respectively,  and  opposite  to  the  centre  of  the 
line. 

The  reserve  will  be  commanded  by  the  third 
lieutenant,  who  will  have  with  him  the  fourth 
and  fifth  sergeants.  The  third  lieutenant  will 
place  himself  two  paces  in  front  of  it,  the  fourth 
sergeant  on  the  left  flank,  and  the  fifth  sergeant 
as  file  closer. 

If  no  reserve  be  formed,  the  third  lieutenant, 
fourth  and  fifth  sergeants  will  take  their  place  in 
line  of  battle,  abreast  with  the  first,  second,  and 
third  sergeants. 

TO  DEPLOY  BY  THE  RIGHT  OR  LEFT  FLANK. 

The  first  three  sergeants  will  place  themselves 
as  has  been  directed  for  the  deployment  forward — 
one  of  them  will  be  charged  with  the  direction. 

If  the  deployment  takes  place  on  the  centre, 
the  two  sergeants,  who  are  on  the  right  and  on 


CO  INSTRUCTION    FOR    SKIRMISHERS. 

the  left  of  the  company,  will  be  charged  with 
the  direction.  The  right  guide  will  place  himself 
by  the  side  of  the  right  file  to  conduct  it,  and  the 
left  guide  by  the  side  of  the  left  file. 

TO  MARCH  FORWARD  AND  IN  RETRFAT. 

The  commands  of  the  captain  will  be  repeated 
with  the  greatest  rapidity  by  the  lieutenants,  and 
if  necessary,  by  the  non-commissioned  officers. 
This  rule  is  general,  whether  the  company 
marches  by  the  front  or  by  the  flank. 

The  three  sergeants  will  throw  themselves  on 
the  line — the  first  on  the  right,  the  second  on  the 
left,  and  the  third  in  the  centre.  They  will  re- 
take their  places  in  line  of  battle,  as  soon  as  the 
line  will  be  halted. 

The  non-commissioned  officers  will  scrupulously 
observe  that  order  is  maintained. 

TO  MARCH  BY  THE  ELANK. 

The  right  or  the  left  guide,  will  place  himself 
by  the  side  of  the  man  on  the  right  or  on  the  left, 
to  conduct  the  line. 

THE  RALLY  AND  THE  ASSEMBLY. 

The  rally  is  made  in  a  run — the  assembly  in 
quick  time. 

THE  RALLY. 

The  third  lieutenant  will  begin  the  formation 
of  the  reserve,  by  throwing  back  a  little  the  two 
flanks  of  the  reserve. 

The  non-commissioned  officers  will  direct  the 
execution  of  the  movement,  and  then  place  them- 
selves within  the  circle. 


INSTRUCTION*    FOR    SKIRMISHERS.  01 

"When  there  will  not  be  time  to  rally  on  the 
reserve,  the  rally  will  be  made  by  platoon  on  the 
ground  the  most  advantageous,  behind  the  line  of 
skirmishers. 

When  the  rally  is  made  on  the  battalion,  each 
platoon  and  the  reserve  will  unmask  the  battalion 
by  directing  themselves,   in   a  run,  towards  the 
nearest  flank,  and  then  form  in  its  rear. 
TO  REDUCE  THE  CIRCLE. 

The  sergeants  will  pass  out — the  third  lieuten- 
ant will  align  the  reserve — the  platoons  will  form 
on  its  right  and  left. 

THE  ASSEMBLY. 

The  reserve  will  be  formed  in  the  order  in 
which  it  was  before  the  deployment — the  skir- 
mishers will  assemble  upon  it,  and  each  will 
resume  his  place  in  his  rank. 

REMARKS. 

In  a  battalion  deployed  as  skirmishers,  each 
company  will  have  its  reserve — the  rally  will  be 
made  upon  the  same  principles  as  for  an  isolated 
company — but,  instead  of  forming  in  circle,  they 
will  form  square  by  two  ranks,  and  by  echelon  at 
thirty  paces — the  reserve  will  form  the  first  front, 
the  skirmishers  who  arrive  first  will  form  the 
lateral  front,  and  the  others  the  fourth  front — the 
non-commissioned  officers  will  direct  the  move- 
ment. 

When  several  companies  are  deployed  at  one 
time,  each  company  will  deploy  on  the  principles 
prescribed  for  an  isolated  company,  and  will  align 
itself  on  the  ones  already  deployed. 


02  QUESTIONS. 


QUESTIONS. 


See  page  designated  by  figures  f*>r  answer  to  questions. 
» 

He-peat  the  general  rules  of  the  school  of  the  hattalion. 
See  page  5. 

How  do  you  open  and  close  ranks?  5. 

Explain  the  manoeuvre  ?  5. 

How  will  you  close  the  ranks?  6. 

Explain  the  loadings  and  firings.    6. 

How  do  you  break  to  the  front  by  the  right  into  column  ? 
6.     To  the  left  ?  7. 

How  will  you  break  by  division  ?  S. 

How  do  you  break  to  the  rear  by  the  right  into  column  ? 
8.     To  the  left  ?    8. 

How  do  you  ploy  the  battalion,  from  line  of  battle,  into 
close  column  or  mass,  the  first  company  right  in  front  ?  9. 
Explain  the  movement  ?  9. 

When  the  battalion  is  to  be  ployed  in  front  of  the  first 
company  how  will  you  execute  it  ?  10.  If  the  battalion  is 
to  be  ployed,  in  front  or  rear  of  the  eighth  company,  how 
will  it  be  done?  10.  Suppose  the  movement  to  be  made  on 
an  interior  company,  how  will  you  do  it  ?  10. 

In  the  march  in  column  at  full  distance,  how  many  ways 
are  there  of  giving  the  direction  to  the  leading  general 
guide?  11.  Name  them.  11,  The  column  being  halted,  and 
you  wifh  to  march  it  a  short  distance  to  the  rear,  how  will 
you  do  it?  15.  Column  being  in  march  and  you  wish  to 
change  the  direction  to  the  right,  or  left,  what  command 
shall  be  given  ?  16. 

How  will  you  rectify  the  direction  of  the  guides  of  a  col- 
umn, before  forming  it  into  line  of  battle  ?  17. 

How  will  you  close  the  column  in  mass  on  the  head  of 
the  column?  18.  How  will  you  close  the  column  in  mass, 
on  the  rear  of  the  column  ?  19. 


QUESTION*. 


G3 


How  will  you  take  wheeling  distanec  on  the  head  of  the 
column?  20.  Before  the  commencement  of  this  manoeuvre, 
what  is  the  duty  of  the  left  guide  ?  20. 

How  ciui  you  take  wheeling  distance  on  the  rear  of  the 
column  ?  21.  What  precautionary  measure  .should  be  taken 
before  this  movement  commences ?  21. 

How  will  von  change  the  direction  of  column  closed  in 
mass  from  a  halt  by  the  right  flank?  22.  By  the  left 
think  ?  22. 

The  column  by  division  closed  in  mass  being  on  the 
march,  and  you  wish  to  change  its  direction  to  the  right, 
what  will  you  command?  23.  What  command  to  change 
to  the  left :;  2:;.     What  arc  the  precautions  to  be  given  ?  23. 

tn  column  by  sub-division  closed  in  mast  at  a  halt,  how 
will  you  throw  them  into  division  ?  2~>.  Explain  the  move- 
ment. 25. 

When  In  column  by  sub-division,  but  at  full,  or  at  half 
distance,  how  will  you  form  into  divisions  ?  26.  How  will 
you  then  throw  them  into  lines'/   26. 

Column  being  at  full  distance,  and  you  wish  to  throw  it 
on  the  right  into  line,  what  will  you  command 

Column  being  at  full  distance,  how  will  you  throw  it  for- 
ward into  line  ?  30. 

Column  being  at  full  distance,  how  will  you  throw  it  into 
line  faced  to  the  rear?  32. 

How  will  you  deploy  column  on  first  division  ! 

How  will  you  advance  in  line  of  battle/  35.  Explain 
this  movement.    35. 

During  the  movement  how  will  you  change  the  direction 
of  the  march  ?  37. 

How  will  you  halt  the  battalion,  marching  in  line  of  bat- 
tle ?  38. 

How  will  you  then  align  it  ?  30. 

How  will  you  change  direction  in  marching  in  line  of 
battle?  40. 

After  it  has  changed  direction  as  commanded,  and  you 
desire  it  to  move  forward,  what  will  you  command?  41. 

How  will  you  march  a  battalion  in  retreat  ?  41. 

After  you  have  marched  it  to  the  retreat,  how  will  you 
halt  and  face  it  to  the  front  ?  42. 

In  marching  a  column  in  line  of  battle  advancing,  and 
you  meet  with  obstacles,  how  will  you  manoeuvre  ?  43. 
What  has  been  prescribed  as  a  general  rule  in  this  move- 
ment? 45. 


C4  QUESTIONS. 

How  will  you  pass  a  defile  to  the  rear  by  the  right  flank  ? 
47.  How  will  you  change  front  forward  on  first  com- 
pany ?  49. 

From  line  of  battle,  how  will  you  form  double  column  at 
half  distance  ?  51. 

How  will  you  throw  the  battalion  from  double  column  at 
half  distance,  faced  to  the  front,  right  or  left  ?  52. 

In  disposition  against  cavalry,  what  preparatory  step  is 
taken,  where  the  column  by  division   is  at  full  distance?  52. 

What  command  do  you  give  to  form  square  ?  5$. 

How  will  you  form  column  from  hollow  square?  54. 

How  will  you  march  in  retreat  in  square  ?  55. 

By  what  command  will  you  reduce  square  ?  55. 

When  a  column  having  to  form  square  will  not  have  time- 
to  form  divisions  first,  how  will  you  then  manage  it  ?  56. 

The  battalion  being  dispersed,  how  will  you  manage  to 
rally  it?  56. 

Suppose  you  wish  to  rally  tbe  battalion  in  column,  what 
will  you  do?  57. 

What  are  the  rules  for  manoeuvreing  by  the  rear  rank  ?  57. 


APPENDIX. 

UNIFORM  AND  DRESS  OF  THE  ARMY. 

General  Orders  .Vo.  9. 


Adjutant  and  Inspector-General's  Office,  ) 
Richmond,  Va.,  June  fi,  1861.      } 

TUNIC. 

For  Commissioned  Officers. — All  officers  shall  wear  a  tunic 
of  gray  cloth,  known  as  cadet  gray :  the  skirt  to  extend 
half-way  between  the  hip  and  the  knee;  double  breasted  for 
all  grades. 

Fur  a  Brigadier  General. — Two  rows  of  buttons  on  the 
breast,  eight  in  each  row,  placed  in  pairs ;  the  distance 
between  the  rows  four  inches  at  top  and  three  inches  at 
bottom ;  stand  up  collar,  to  rise  no  higher  than  to  permit 
the  chin  to  turn  freely  over  it;  to  hook  in  front  al  kbe  bot- 
tom and  slope  thcuce  up  and  backward,  at  an  angle  of 
thirty  degrees,  on  each  side:  cuffs  two  and  a  half  inches 
deep  on  the  under  side,  there  to  be  buttoned  with  three  small 
buttons,  and  sloped  upwards  to  a  point,  at  a  distance  of 
four  inches  from  the  end  of  the  sleeve:  pockets  in  the  folds 
of  the  skirt,  with  one  button  at  the  hip  and  one  at  the  end 
ef  each  pocket,  making  four  buttons  on  the  back  and  skirt 
of  the  tunic,  the  hip  buttons  to  range  with  the  lowest  breast 
buttons. 

For  a  Colonel. — The  same  as  for  a  Brigadier  General,  ex- 
cept that  there  will  be  only  seven  buttons  in  each  row  on  the 
breast,  placed  at  equal  distances. 
5 


GG  APPENDIX. 

For  a  Lieutenant  Colonel,  Major,  Captain  and  Lieuten- 
ant.— The  same  as  for  a  Colonel. 

"For  Enlisted  Men. — The  uniform  coat  for  all  enlisted  men 
snail  be  a  double  breasted  tunic  of  gray  cloth,  known  as 
cadet  grey,  with  a  skirt  extending  half-way  between  the  hip 
and  the  knee;  two  rows  of  buttons  on  the  breast,  seven  in 
each  row;  the  distance  between  the  rows  four  inches  at  top 
and  three  inches  at  bottom,  stand  up  collar,  to  rise  no  higher 
than  to  permit  the  chin  to  turn  freely  over  it;  to  hook  in 
front  at  the  bottom,  and  slope  thence  backwards  at  an  angle 
of  thirty  degrees  on  each  side;  cuffs  two  and  a  half  inches 
deep  at  the  under  seam,  to  button  with  two  small  buttons, 
and  to  be  slightly  pointed  on  the  upper  part  of  the  arm ; 
pockets  in  the  folds  of  the  skirts.  The  collars  and  cuffs  to 
be  of  the  color  prescribed  for  facings  for  the  respective  arms 
of  service,  and  the  edges  of  the  tunic  to  be  trimmed  through- 
out with  the  same  colored  cloth.  Narrow  lining  in  the 
skirts  of  the  tunic  of  gray  material. 

FACINGS. 

The  facings  for  general  officers,  and  for  officers  of  the 
Adjutant-General's  Department,  the  Quartermaster-General's 
Department,  the  Commissary-General's  Department,  and 
the  Engineers — Buff.  The  tunic  for  all  officers  to  be  edged 
throughout  with  the  facings  designated. 

For  the  Medical  Department. — Black. 

For  the  Artillery.  —Red. 

For  the  Cavalry. — Yellow. 

For  the  Infantry.— Light  blue. 

For  fatigue  purposes,  a  light  gray  blouse,  double  breasted, 
with  two  rows  of  small  buttons,  seven  in  each  row;  small 
turnover  collar,  may  be  issued  to  the  troops. 

On  all  occasions  of  duty,  except  fatigue,  and  when  out  of 
quarters,  the  coat  will  be  buttoned  and  hooked  at  the  collar. 
Officers  on  bureau  daty.may  wear  the  tunic  open. 

BUTTONS. 

For  General  Officers  and  Officers  of  the  General  Staff. — 
Bright  gilt,  rounded  at  the  edge,  convex,  raised  eagle  in  the 
centre,  with  stars  surrounding  It;  large  size,  one  inch  in 
exterior  diameter;  small  size,  half  an  inch. 


ArPEXDIX.  o< 

For  Officers  of  the  Corps  of  Engineers, — The  same  as  for 
tho  General  Staff,  except  that,  in  place  of  the  eagle  and 
stars,  there  will  be  a  raised  E  in  German  text. 

For  Officers  of  Artillery,  Infantry,  Riflemen  and  Cav- 
alry.— Gilt,  convex,  plain,  with  large  raised  letter  in  the 
centre:  A,  for  the  Artillery;  I.  fur  the  Infantry:  R,  for  the 
Riflemen;  C,  for  the  Cavalry;  large  size,  seven-eights  of  an 
inch  in  exterior  diameter:  small  size,  half  an  inch. 

Aids-de-Camp  may  wear  the  button  of  the  General  Staff, 
or  of  their  regiments  or  corps,  at  their  option. 

For  Enlisted  Men  of  Artillery. — Yellow,  convex,  large 
raised  letter  A  in  the  centre:  three-quarters  of  an  inch  in 
exterior  diameter. 

For  all  other  enlisted  men,  the  same  as  fur  the  Artillery, 
except  that  the  number  of  the  regiment,  in  large  figures, 
will  be  substituted  for  the  letter  A. 

TfcOWSERS. 

The  uniform  trowsers  for  both  officers  and  enlisted  men 
will  be  of  cloth  throughout  the  year;  made  loose,  and  to 
spread  well  over  the  foot:  of  light  (or  -ky)  blue  color,  for 
regimental  officers  and  enlisted  men;  and  of  dark  blue  cloth 
for  all  other  officers:  reinforced  for  the  Cavalry. 

For  General  Officers. — Two  stripes  of  gold  lace  on  the 
outer  seam,  one-eighth  of  an  inch  apart,  and  each  five- 
eighths  of  an  inch  in  width. 

For  Officers  of  the  Adjutant-General's  Department,  'he 
Quartermaster-General's  Department,  the  Commissary-Gen- 
eral's Department,  and  the  Corps  of  Engineers. — One  stripe 
of  gold  lace  on  the  outer  seam,  one  inch  and  a  quarter  in 
width. 

For  the  Medical  Department. — A  black  velvet  stripe;  one 
inch  and  a  quarter  in  width,  with  a  gold  cord  on  each  edge 
of  the  stripe. 

For  Regimental  Officers. — A  stripe  of  cloth  on  the  outer 
scam,  one  inch  and  a  quarter  in  width ;  color  according  to 
corps :  for  Artillery,  red ;  Cavalry,  yellow ;  Infantry,  dark 
blue. 

For  the  non- Commissioned  Staff  of  Regiments  and  for  all 
Sergeants. — A  stripe  of  cotton  webbing  or  braid  on  the  outer 
seam,  one  and  a  quarter  inches  in  width  ;  color  according  to 
arm  of  service. 


68  APPENDIX. 

For  all  other  Enlisted  Men. — Plain. 

CHAPEAU,  OR  COCKED  HAT. 

A  chapeau,  or  cocked  hat,  will  be  worn  by  General  Officers 
and  Officers  of  the  General  Staff  and  Corps  of  Engineers, 
of  what  is  called  the  French  pattern ;  the  model  to  be  de- 
posited in  the  office  of  the  Quartermaster-General. 

Forage  Gap  for  Officers. — A  cap  similar  in  form  to  that 
known  as  the  French  kepi,  according  to  pattern  to  be  de- 
posited in  the  office  of  the  Quartermaster  General. 

Uniform  Cap. — According  to  pattern  to  be  deposited  in 
the  office  of  the  Quartermaster-General. 

POMPON. 

For  the  Artillery. — Red. 

For  the  Infantry. — Light  blue. 

For  the  Cavalry. — Yellow. 

CRAVAT,  OR  STOCK. 

lor  all  Officers. — Black,  when  a  cravat  is  worn,  the  tie 
not  to  be  visible  at  the  opening  of  the  collar. 

For  Enlisted  Men. — Black  leather,  according  to  pattern. 

BOOTS. 

For  all  Officers. — Ankle  or  Jefferson. 
For  Enlisted  Men  of  Cavalry. — Ankle  and  Jefferson,  ac- 
cording to  pattern. 

For  othei  Enlisted  Men. — Jefferson,  according  to  pattern. 

SPURS. 

For  all  Mounted  Officers. — Yellow  metal  or  gilt. 
For  Enlisted  Moxinted  Men. — Yellow  metal,  according  to 
pattern. 

GLOVES. 

For  General  Officers,  and  Officers  of  the  General  Staff, 
and  fitaffi  Corps.— Bufi  or  white. 


APPENDIX.  69 

For    Officers  of  Artillery,  Infantry  and   Cavalry. — White. 
SASH. 

For  General  Officers. — Buff  silk  net.  with  silk  bullion 
fringe  ends ;  sash  to  go  twice  round  the  waist,  and  to  tie 
behind  the  left  hip :  pendant  part  not  to  extend  more  than 
eighteen  inches  below  the  tie. 

For  Officers  of  the  General  Staff  and  Engineer*,  and  of 
the  Artillery  aad  Infantry. — Red  silk  net. 

For  Officers  of  the  Cavalry. — Yellow  silk  net. 

For  Medical  Officers.  —Green  silk  net. 

All,  with  silk  bullion  fringe  ends ;  to  go  around  the  waist, 
and  to  tie  as  for  General  OfiV 

For  Sergeants. — Of  worsted,  with  worsted  bullion  fringe 
ends;  red  for  Artillery  and  Infantry,  and  yellow  for  Cav- 
alry. To  go  twice  around  the  waist,  and  to  tie  as  above 
specified. 

SWORD  BELT. 

For  all  Officers. — A  waist  belt,  not  less  than  one  and  one- 
balf  inches,  nor  more  than  two  inches  wide;  to  he  worn 
over  the  sash;  the  sword  t<>  lie  suspended  from  it  by  slings 
of  the  same  material  as  tbe  belt,  with  a  hook  attached  to  the 
belt  upon  which  the  sword  m:iy  be  hung. 

For  General  Officer*. — Russian  leather,  with  three  stripes 
of  gold  embroidery;  the  slings  embroidered  on  both  sides. 

For  all  other  Officers. — Black  leather,  plain. 

For  all  non- Commissioned  Officers. — Black  leather,  plain. 


SWORD  BELT  PLATE. 


For  all  Officers  and  Enlisted  Men. — Gilt,  rectangular: 
two  inches  wide,  with  a  raised  bright  rim  ;  a  silver  wreath  of 
laurel  encircling  the  "Arms  of  the  Confederate  States." 

SWORD  AND  SCABBARD. 

For  all  Officers. — According  to  patterns  to  be  deposited  in 
the  Ordnance  Bureau. 


tO  ArPEN'DIX. 

SWORD  KNOT. 
For  all  Officers. — Of  plaited  leather,  with  tassels. 
BADGES  TO  DISTINGUISH  RANK. 

On  the  sleeve  of  the  tunic,  rank  will  be  distinguished  by 
an  ornament  of  gold  braid,  (in  form  as  represented  in  the 
drawing  deposited  in  the  Quartermaster  General's  office;) 
extending  around  the  seam  of  the  cuff,  and  up  the  outside 
of  the  arm  to  the  bend  of  the  elbow.  To  be  of  one  braid 
for  lieutenants;  two  for  captains  ;  three  for  field  officers;  and 
four  for  general  officers.  The  braid  to  be  one-eighth  of  an 
inch  in  width. 

On  the  front  part  of  the  collar  of  the  tunic,  the  rank  of 
the  officer  will  be  distinguished,  as  follows: 

General  Officers. — A  wreath  with  three  stars  enclosed, 
embroidered  in  gold.  The  edge  of  the  wreath  to  be  three- 
fourths  of  an  inch  from  the  front  edge  of  the  collar;  the 
stars  to  be  arranged  horizontally;  the  centre  one  to  be  one 
and  one-fourth  inches  in  exterior  diameter,  and  the  other 
three-fourths  of  an  inch. 

Colonel. —  Three  stars,  embroidered  in  gold,  arranged 
horizontally,  and  dividing  equally  the  vertical  space  of  the 
collar.  Each  star  to  be  one  and  one-fourth  inches  in  exte- 
rior diameter;  the  front  star  to  be  three-fourths  of  an  inch 
from  the  edge  of  the  collar. 

Lieutenant  Colonel. — Two  stars  of  same  material,  size  and 
arrangement  as  for  a  Colonel. 

Major.—  One  star,  of  same  material  and  size  as  for  a 
Colonel;  to  be  placed  three-fourths  of  an  inch  from  the  edge 
of  collar,  and  dividing  equally  the  vertical  space. 

Coj)tain. — Three  horizontal  bars,  embroidered  in  gold; 
each  one-half  an  inch  in  width;  the  upper  bar  to  be  three 
inches  in  length;  the  front  edge  of  the  bars  to  incline  to 
correspond  with  the  angle  of  the  collar,  and  to  bo  three- 
fourths  of  an  inch  from  the  edge;  the  line  of  the  back  edges 
to  be  vertical. 

First  Lieutenant. — Two  horizontal  bars  of  the  same  mate-  ' 
rial  and  size  as  for  captains,  and  dividing  equally  the  verti- 
cal space  of  collar. 

Second  Lieutenant. — One    horizontal    bar  of   the    same 


ATPEXDIX.  i  1 

material  and  size  as  for  the  centre  bar  of  captain,  and  di- 
viding equally  the  vertical  space  of  eollar. 

OVERCOATS  FOR  ENLISTED  MEN. 

For  Mounted  Men. — Of  cadet  gray  cloth:  stand  up  collar: 
double  breasted;  cape  to  reach  to  the  cuff  of  the  coat,  when 
the  arm  is  extended,  and  to  button  all  the  way  up,  (button?, 
eighteen.) 

For  Footmen, — Of  cadet  gray  cloth;  stand  up  collar; 
double  breasted:  cape  to  reach  to  the  elbows,  when  the  arm 
is  extended,  and  to  button  all  the  way  up,  (buttons,  eighteen.; 
For  the  present,  to  be  a  talma,  with  sleeves,  of  waterproof 
material :  black. 

CHEVRONS. 

The  rank  of  non-commissioned  officers  will  be  marked  by 
chevrons  on  both  sleeves  of  the  uniform  tunic  and  the  over- 
coat, above  the  elbow,  of  silk  <"T  worsted  binding,  half  an 
inch  wide;  color  the  same  as  the  edging  of  the  tunic:  points 
down,  as  follows: 

Tor  a  Sergeant  Major. — Three  bars  and  an  arc  in  silk. 

For  a  Quartermaster  Sergeant.  —  Three  bars  and  a  tie  in 
silk. 

Tor  an  Ord  —Three  bars  and  a  star  in  silk. 

Tor  a  First  (or  Orderly)  Sergeant. — Three  bars  and  a 
lozenge  in  worsted. 

For  a  Sergeant. — Three  bars  in  worsted. 

Tor  a  Corporal. — Two  bars  in  worsted. 

HAIR  AND  BEARD. 

The  hair  to  be  short:  the  beard  to  be  worn  at  the  pleasure 
of  the  individual:  but,  when  worn,  to  be  kept  short  and 
neatly  trimmed. 

By  command  of  the  Secretary  of  War. 

S.  COOPER, 
Adjutant  and  Inspector  General. 


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